Antique chromolithograph of a river crossing in Cikandi, Serang. Deeper rivers or fast-flowing rivers are harder to cross and ford thus the use of rafts such as these. Particularly carts and coolies would use them so they can take a short rest. The use of ropes ensures the rafts do not get carried by the currents. These types of crossings are still common around the world, especially in remote areas.
Published in Leiden, the Netherlands, after a water drawing by J.C. Rappard,
Jhr. Josias Cornelis Rappard (1824-1898) was a colonel in the KNIL and a painter. During his posting in the Netherlands Indies 1842-1872, he painted and drew pictures of life and scenes in the Indies that were later, back in Leiden, The Netherlands, would be made into chromolithographs. The Royal Tropical Institute in Amsterdam holds a large number of these prints and collectors all over the world appreciate Rappard's classic watercolours.
Chromolithography was a popular method for colour printing in the 19th century because of its lower cost and relative ease to mass-produce. The process involves the use of stones and a chemical process to fasten images to the paper. High-end chromolithographs are hand-finished by an artist after the process to ensure the best possible fidelity in each copy.