Attractive black and white copperplate engraving entitled Le Mascarin, published in Paris in the year 1780.

The Mascarene parrot was a very rare species of parrot found only on the islands of Reunion in the south Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar. They are known for their mute brown coats and blueish heads. The species went extinct in 1834 due to excess hunting or deforestation.

Artist: Comte de Buffon

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707-1788) was a highly influential French naturalist who wrote the important work Histoire Naturelle which was the most complete work on natural history up until that time. Comte de Buffon was an influence on later important scientists including Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Georges Cuvier. Comte de Buffon is considered the “father of all thought in natural history in the second half of the 18th century” by historians.

Histoire Naturelle by Comte de Buffon was published in 1780 in 36 volumes and continued to be improved upon after the author’s death. The massive work was a complete overview and record of the natural sciences up until the late 18th century, including physics, chemistry, technology, and biology. It is considered an early form of the encyclopedia.